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+===== carpatica =====
+{clear}
+===== Campanula carpatica =====
+{clear}
+Jacq.
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:flower_onego_ru:c.carpatica_enc_0178_photo_edsr.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica - Flower.obego.ru - Photo: EDSR}}]
+[{{:literatuur:rusland_ussr:tn_c.carpatica.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica Leningrad Komarev Botanical Institute, Photographer: T.Shulnina, Herman Berteler.}}]
+[{{:literatuur:rusland_ussr:tn_c.carpatica_2.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica Leningrad Komarev Botanical Institute, Photographer: T.Shulnina, Herman Berteler.}}]
+{clear}
+===== Twitter =====
+For regular additions, follow via Twitter **@Klokjesbloem** {https://twitter.com}[{{:twitter.png?50|}}]
+{clear}
+===== Infrageneric Taxa =====
+Fam. des //Campanulacées//. Section 2: Calice sans appendice.
+Groupe 1: - Capsules á 3 loges, sessiles, dressées(( :ref:deVilmorin01 ))
+{clear}
+===== Nomenclatuur =====
+Introduceret ca. 1774 (Crook 1951) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+A hybrid between //Campanula carpatica// and //Campanula pyramidalis//, but similar to //Campanula carpatica//, to 6 in, thought to be //Campanula x Fergusonii// Hort. Ex Andre (( :ref:LHBailey01 )).
+{clear}
+Jacq. Synonym //Campanula turbinate// Schott. Tussock B.
+{clear}
+Material offered as //Campanula Raineri// is often a dwarf form of this species. Represented in culture by many cultivars, including color variants.
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// x //Campanula cochleariifolia// is //Campanula x haylodgensis// Hort.
+{clear}
+//Campanula x pseudoraineri// Hort. Thought to be a hybrid between //Campanula carpatica// and //Campanula Raineri//, but differs from the former only in its slightly grayer foliage (( :ref:LHBailey01 )).
+{clear}
+//Campanula X pulloides// Hort. Reported to be a hybrid between //Campanula carpatica// and //Campanula pulla//; plants to 8 in.; corolla blue-purple, very large and broad.
+{clear}
+//Campanula x Stansfeldii// Hort. Apparently a hybrid, //Campanula carpatica x Campanula Waldsteiniana.// (( :ref:LHBailey01 )).
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// x //Campanula lusitanica// = ? annual progeny
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq. = //Campanula cordifolia// Vuk. = //Neocodon carpaticus// (Jacq.) Kolak. & Serdyuk.(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:postzegels:tn_c.carpatica.jpg?200|Stamp with Campanula carpatica - Posta Romana - Photographer: Herman Berteler.}}]
+[{{:campanula:postzegels:tn_c.carpatica_1_.jpg?200|Stamp with Campanula carpatica - Magyar Posta - Photographer: Herman Berteler.}}]
+{clear}
+===== Names =====
+NL.: //Karpaten klokje//
+{clear}
+E.: //Carpathian Bellflower//
+Fr.: //Campanule des monts Carpathes//, //Campanule á feuilles en coeur
+//
+===== Habitus =====
+ - Vivace. - Plante glabre, toufflue. Tiges gréles, dressées ou étalées, rameuses,élevées de 20 á 30 centrimétres. Feuilles ovales-arrondies, crenelées-dentées.
+Fleurs terminales, en cloche évasée et dressée; calice á divisions linéares-aigués, longues de 15 millimétres; corolle bleue, au moins trois fois plus longue que le calice.(( :ref:deVilmorin01 )).
+{clear}
+Altezza: cm. 30. Pianta perenne e rustica, a portamento molto compatto, nana, a steli sottili ed cretti, contendenza a espandersi.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
+{clear}
+Glabrous, clump-forming perennial, 8-18 in. Stems slender, spreading, leafy at base.
+{clear}
+Tot 38 cm, bloeit april-september. Proef uit 1967.(( :ref:a.k.skvortsov01 ))
+{clear}
+Perennial plant with thin, leafy stems up to 30 cm tall. Growth bushy, growing shoots. Bush up to 30 cm in diameter. Basal leaves on long stalks, ovate-rounded, gathered in dense rosette; stem - on short stalks, ovate. Flowers solitary, infundibular-campanulate, white, blue, purple, up to 5 cm in diameter. (( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:literatuur:frankrijk:nef_1033_c.des_monts_carpathes.jpg?300|Campanule des monts Carpathes, Philippe L. de Vilmorin, 'Les Fleurs de Pleine terre', Paris 1909 5th Edition. Photo: Herman Berteler.}}]
+{clear}
+===== Anatomisch =====
+{clear}
+Bei einer Anzahl Arten von //Campanula// und bei einigen Arten nahe verwandter Gattungen (//Michauxia//, //Phyteuma//, //Symphyandra//, //Specularia//) kommen Abweichungen vom typischen Bau der Stengel (auch hier und da der Wurzeln) vor, die eine besondere Erwahnung verdienen. Es sei jedoch von vornherein bemerkt, dass dieselben nicht immer bei allen Individuen derselben Art die gleichen sind. In den einfachsten Fallen finden sich innerhalb des Holzringes Gruppen von kleinzelligem, teilingsfahigem Gewebe, dem Siebrohren fehlen (//Campanula persicifolia// L., //Campanula carpathica// Jacq., //Campanula attica// Boiss.) Siebrohren finden sich bei //Campanula latifolia// L., //Campanula Trachelium// L. Dieselben besitzen also inneren Weichbast. Bei //Campanula Grossekii// Heuff. sind einige dieser Weichbastbundel auf der ausseren, also der dem primaren Holze zugekehrten Seite mit radial angeordneten Holzzellen versehen. Von hier aus finden sich nun alle moglichen Ubergange bis zur Ausbildung eines oder mehrerer Ringe von getrennten collateralen oder auch concentrischen Gefassbundeln (letztere mit centralem Phloem), und schliesslich kann es dazu kommen, dass diese Bundelmit einander verschmelzen und so einen geschlossenen, inneren Gefassbundelring bilden (z.B. //Campanula pyramidalis// L.). Die inneren Gefassbundel haben ubrigens meist Dickenwachstum, mogen sie getrennt oder vereinigt sein.
+Nach **Westmaier** ist das Vorkommen innerer Strange nie zu beobachten bei jenen Arten der Gattung //Campanula//, welche bei geringer Hohe armblutig sind. Dieser Satz darf nicht umgekehrt werden, z.B. sind die stattlichen und reichblutigen //Campanula rapunculoides// L. und //Campanula Medium// L. ganz normal gebaut.  **Weiss** hat ubrigens nachgewiesen, dass die markstandigen Bundel nicht stammeigen sind. Derselbe hat auch bei //Campanula pyramidalis// L. Rindenbundel (mit centralem Xylem und Dickeuwachstum) beobachtet. (Nahares bei **Westermaier**, Monatsber. der Kgl. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1881, p.1064; **Petersen** in Engler's Jahrbuchern III, 1882, p. 394; **Weiss**, in Bot. Centralblatt XV, 1883, p. 325). **G. Kraus** hat bei 12 Gattungen - gemass der im Folgenden angenommenen Umgrenzung - das Vorkommen von Inulin nachgewiesen (Bot. Zeitung 1877, p. 329), nachdem **Prantl** es zuerst bei //Campanula rapunculoides// aufgefunden hatte.(( :ref:aengler01 ))
+===== Leaves =====
+Le foglie sono ovali, arrotondate alla base, crenate.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
+{clear}
+Leaves long-petioled, ovate-triangular to broadly lanceolate, 2 in. long or less, deeply serrate, long-petioled.
+{clear}
+{clear}
+Basal leaves on long stalks, ovate-rounded, gathered in dense rosette; stem - on short stalks, ovate. (( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+===== Flowers =====
+Fioritura: V-VII. I fiori, azzurri, sono terminali, a campana aperta: tra le //Campanula// nane e una di quelle a fiori piu grandi.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
+{clear}
+Flower measuring, between 25 - 40mm (1 - 1 1/2 inch.). //Campanula carpatica// **hybrids** or **varieties** between 40 - 50mm (1 1/2 - 2 in.)(( :ref:alpinaresearch02 ))
+{clear}
+Flowers erect on long, slender, naked, axillary pedicels, calyx without appendages, corolla blue-lilac, 1-2 in. across, broadly campanulate, style exserted.
+{clear}
+Blumen einzeln, endstandig oder in wenigblutigen Trauben mit absteigender Entfaltung. Fig 27 B, 28 B.(( :ref:aengler01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:tn_c.carpatica.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica - Foto and drawing Herman Berteler}}]
+[{{:campanula:florapix:c.carpatica.jpg?300|AlpenPix - Campanula carpatica - Jane Hendrix - Note: 4-12 inches tall; blue or white; full sun to part shade; ordinary garden soil; blooms mid- to late summer.}}]
+{clear}
+{clear}
+Flowers solitary, infundibular-campanulate, white, blue, purple, up to 5 cm in diameter. It flowers from June 60-70 days.(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+===== Chromosomes =====
+{clear}
+Number of diploid chromosomes (2n=34).
+{clear}
+===== Fruit =====
+Kapsel nahe der Spitze, seltener etwas oberhalb der Mitte sich offnend, 3facherig. Kelchbuchten ohne Anhangen. Sect. II //Rapunculus// Boiss.(( :ref:aengler01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:literatuur:tn_p2060082.jpg?300|Fig.27. B. Campanula carpathica Jacq. Kapsel dicht unterhalb des Kelches aufspringend.}}]
+{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+Fruit - oval-cylindrical, bare box. Seeds ripen in July and August. (( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+C. //carpatica// JACQ.. :Orig 016138-0344-78 Locn 1A EU, geo: 40000, rec: SEED, lab: 1, dis: E.EUROPE,CARPATHIANS ayr: 78(( :ref:UBCBotanicalGarden01 ))
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq. 1139-79 De: Botanischer Garten, Berlin - Dahlem, Allemagne. 2-4-79 Descr.: sem. 1. Couche fr. 9, s-29, 1 t.s.- 16-8-79; 2. couche fr. 8, S-15, 14 - 28-7-80; couche fr. 8, S-25, 13 - 28-7-80; 3. jard.omb., M-1 - 28-1-82.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+===== Germination =====
+[{{:campanula:tn_c.carpatica_5.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica - Foto and drawing Herman Berteler}}]
+{clear}
+===== Hybrid =====
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq.cv. **Basket** 842-64 De: Sutton, Raading, England. 3-64. Descr.: sem., 1 pgt. 13. Serre 1, 1 panier 25-1-77(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Blue Clips'- hyb.** - open and hand Pollination(( :ref:alpinaresearch01 ))
+{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.100. (='**Blaue Clips**') One of the most popular Bellflowers. Plants form a low, cushion-shaped mound of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing, open bells appearing in early summer. This selection has flowers in a clear medium-blue shade. Will continue blooming for weeks if spent blossoms are regularly removed. Excellent choice for the rock garden, edging and in containers. Performs especially well in regions with cool nights during the summer. Plants should be divided every 2 to 4 years, in spring or fall. Prefers good drainage. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; Deep Blue. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall; Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics; Accent: Good Texture/Form, Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant, Edging, Rabbit Resistant, Massed. Flower Head Size; Small. Height; 15-30 cm, 6-12 inches, Spread; 20-30 cm, 8-12 inches. Foot Traffic; None. Growth Rate; Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq. cv. **'Karpaten Krone'** 1941-76. De: Zoo and Bot. Gard., Rotterdam, Holland, 7-4-76. Descr.: sem. Arr.: //Campanula hybrida// **'Karpaten Krone'**(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Riverslea**
+-76. De: Zoo and Bot. Gard., Rotterdam, Holland, 7-4-76. Descr.: sem. Arr.: //Campanula hybrida// **'Riverslea'**. 5.) Couche 68, 1,5 r. 16-7-80; 6.) couche 68, 4. 29-6-81; 7.) couche 68, 4. 30-7-82(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// hybr. **'Samantha'**(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+[{{:campanula:flower_onego_ru:c.carpatica_hybr._samantha_ena_6883_polotnova_michael.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica hybr. Samantha - Flower.onego.ru - Photo: Polotnova Michael}}]
+{clear}
+===== Cultivars =====
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Alba'** (( :ref:GretheClausen01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:tn_p2020636.jpg?275|C.carpatica cv 'Alba' - Foto Grethe Clausen}}]
+[{{:campanula:flower_onego_ru:c.carpatica_alba_enc_8612_michael_polotnova.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Alba'- Flower.onego.ru - Photographer: Michael Polotnova}}]{clear}
+//Campanula x Jenkinsae// Hort. Presumed to be a hybrid between //Campanula carpatica// cv **‘Alba’** and //Campanula rotundifolia.// (( :ref:LHBailey01 )).
+{clear}
+The very light green and slightly haired basal-leaves form a cushion which in the second year is 65cm broad and 22-25cm high. A very rich flowering plant, during the flowering time about 50cm high. If the weather is rainy and windy during the flowerinr, the stems will overturn which is more or less common to all //Campanula carpatica//-cultivars.
+The flowers are sitting 3-4 togerther, they are white and with a yellowish touch on the apix of the corolla and on the flowerbuds. The campanulate flowers are upright, 3cm long and 5cm wide. In spite of the abundance of flowers the appearence is light and fine. The flower-stalks have to be cutt off after flowering to get best impression of the plants. The plants remount only slightly. All plants in both trials were hardy(( :ref:GretheClausen01 )) .
+{clear}
+Since both **'Alba'** and **'Karl Foerster'** are separating from the other //C. carpatica// by having greyish hair and bigger flowers they ought to be referred to //C. carpatica// var. //turbinata//. In the danish nurseries both of the varieties are called //C. carpatica//(( :ref:GretheClausen01 ))
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq. **Alba** 1470-73 De: Sheridan Nurseries Ltd., Montée Liesse, Montreal 15-5-73. Descr.: 45 plts.
+). Jard/ pl. viv., A-1, 44 - 11-6-73; 2) jard. pl. viv., A-1, 44 - 2-7-74; 3). jard. pl. viv., Q-3, 14 - 27-5-75; 4). jard. pl. viv., R-3, 14 - 17-6-76; 5). jard. pl. viv., R-3, 14 - 8-7-77; 6). jardin pl. vivaces, R-3, 14 - 18-5-78; 7). jardin pl. vivaces, R-3, 14 - 10-5-79; 8). jard. pl. viv., R-3, 14 - 23-5-80; 9). jard. pl. viv., R-3, 17 - 5-6-81; 10). jard. viv., R-3, 17 - 8-6-82.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Basket'** 842-64
+Arr.: //Campanula// hybr. '**Basket**', De: Sutton, Rading, England. 3-64. Descr.: sem., 1 pgt. 13. Serre 1, 1 panier. 25-1-77.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Blauer Zwerg'**
+{clear}
+(Bruske) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+Bellflower Series "**Clip**" - a charming low plant with thin delicate stalks, only 20 cm high. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter. Liberally blooms almost all summer, starting in June. Ideal for borders, rockeries and foreground mixborders. Excellent pot plant. It grows in the sun and in partial shade, hardy. In 1 g of seed 13000-15000. Seeds germinate in light 14-30 days at + 18-22 ° C. The soil is loose, well-drained, alkaline, moderately fertile. Bloom 20 weeks after sowing.
+This bell is grown in full sun with loose loamy soil. With a lack of moisture reduces the duration of flowering, but the plant moist soils in winter falls. Watering is required only during prolonged heat. If the plant falls to its neighbors - is a sign of excess moisture. After flowering, the inflorescence is cut. Propagation seedling method, sowing in the greenhouse in April. Seedlings grow very slowly, they have to dive twice and were grown on the ridge. Flowering starts mostly only in the third year. Mature plants are unpretentious in culture. They bloom from June to September, the autumn require pruning. At one place can grow to six. Older plants divide is very difficult. Good partners are Geranum dalmaticum and Helianthemum hybriden.(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+  * //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Blaue Clips'**
+Synonym: //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Blue Clips'**, //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Blue Chips'**(( :ref:alpinaresearch01 )) Probably **'Blue Clip'** also **'Clips deepblue'** from Beekenkamp Plants BV.
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:mijntuin:c.carpatica_blauwe_clips.1.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica 'Blauwe Clips' - MijnTuin.org - Photographer: Emmy.}}]
+[{{:campanula:mijntuin:c.c.baluwe_clips_foto_emmy.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica 'Blauwe Clips' - MijnTuin.org - Photographer: Emmy.}}]
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:mijntuin:c.carpatica_blauwe_clips.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica 'Blauwe Clips' - MijnTuin.org - Photographer: Emmy.}}]
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_blue_clips.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica 'Blue Chips' - Photographer: Perennials.org.}}]
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:beekenkamp:campanula-clips-deepblue-po-400-400.jpg.png?300|Campanula carpatica 'Blue Chips' - Photographer: Beekenkamp Plants BV.}}]
+{clear}
+Beekenkamp Plants BV- Ornamentals is breeder and propagator of home and garden plants.
+The flower color is blue and the flowering period is from about June to August. The leaves are green and about 10 cm. high. The mature height of this perennial is about 20 cm. Withstands temperatures up to -35 gr. C. The recommended planting distance is 30 cm. (8-11 pcs. Per m2.)(( :ref:MijnTuin.org01 ))
+{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+(Wagner/Benary 1967) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Blaumeyze**
+(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+*//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Blue Moonlight**
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:bellflower_nursery:campanula_carpatica_blue_moonlight_1_1.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Blue Moonlight - Photographer: Bellflower Nursery}}]
+{clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Blue Uniform’**
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_blue_uniform_.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica 'Blue Uniform' - Photographer: Perennials.com.}}]
+{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.110. //Carpathian Bellflowers// are extremely popular for edging or growing in the sunny rock garden. Plants form low cushion-shaped mounds of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing bell-shaped blooms beginning in early summer. This selection has flowers of medium lavender blue. Remove spent flowers to encourage more buds to form. Clumps may be easily divided in early to mid spring if desired. In hot, humid summer regions these are seldom long lived.
+Further details for Optimal Growing Conditions	Appearance and Characteristics. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; Deep Blue. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall. Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics; Accent: Good. Texture/Form; Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant, Edging, Rabbit Resistant, Massed Flower, Head Size Small, Height 20-25 cm, 8-10 inches. Spread 20-30 cm, 8-12 inches. Foot Traffic; None. Growth Rate Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatic//a cv. **Chenton Joy**
+(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+ {clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Chewton Joy'**{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘China Doll’**
+{clear}
+Supplement to the Annual Seedlist, 1983, Volume 3,1, Others, nr. 430: //Campanula carpatica// cv. **China Doll** / W. Lahmann - bluish-mauve (( :ref:alpinaresearch02 ))
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq.cv. **Clips Blanc** 1006-70 De: Gr. d'élite Clause, Bretigny-sur-orge 91, France. Descr.: sem., 1.) Couche fr. 9, 1 boíte 28-9-70, 2.) couche 113, 45 6-7-71, 3.) couche 113, 41 13-7-72, 4.) couche 113, 14 19-6-73.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq.cv. **Clips Bleu** 1005-70 De: Gr. d'élite Clause, Bretigny-sur-orge 91, France. Descr.: sem., 1.) Couche fr. 9, 1 boíte 28-9-70, 2.) couche 113, 15 6-7-71, 3.) couche 113, 7 11-7-72, 4.) couche 113, 16 19-6-73, 5.) couche 113, 12 2-7-74, 6.) couche 126, 8 26-6-75, 7.) couche 125, 3 19-7-76.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Compacta’**
+{clear}
+ * //Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Deep Blue Clips’**
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_deep_blue_clips_.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica ‘Deep Blue Clips’ - Photographer: Perennials.com.}}]{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.090. One of the most popular Bellflowers. Plants form a low, cushion-shaped mound of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing, open bells appearing in early summer. This selection has flowers in a clear deep-blue shade. Will continue blooming for weeks if spent blossoms are regularly removed. Excellent choice for the rock garden, edging and in containers. Performs especially well in regions with cool nights during the summer. Plants should be divided every 2 to 4 years, in spring or fall. Prefers good drainage. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; Deep Blue. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall. Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics. Accent: Good Texture/Form, Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant, Edging, Rabbit Resistant, Flower Head Size; Small. Height; 15-20 cm, 6-8 inches. Spread, 20-30 cm, 8-12 inches. Foot Traffic; None Growth.  Rate Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq.cv. **Erfurter Zwerg** 1774-77. De: Jard. Bot. et Arb., Brno, Tchec. 5-4-77. Descr.: sem.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+//Campanula carpatica// Jacq.cv. **Glacier Blue** 2668-82. De: Les Floralies 1980, Section Commerciale, W.H. Perron. 19-8-82. Descr.: 1 plt.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Isabel'** (Prichard) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+ (( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+-77. De: Inst. de Med. si Farm., Tirgu-Mures, Roumanie, 13-5-77. Descr.: sem.(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:majella_larochelle:campanula_carpatica_isobel-ml_0915_alpin_3_.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Isabel' - Photographer: Majella Larochelle.}}]
+{clear}
+Fiori viola.
+{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Jewel'**
+{clear}
+(Waterer 1938) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Karl Foerster'** (( :ref:GretheClausen01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:tn_p2020643.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica cv 'Karl Foerster'- Foto Grethe Clausen}}]
+{clear}
+Since both **'Alba'** and **'Karl Foerster'** are separating from the other //C. carpatica// by having greyish hair and bigger flowers they ought to be referred to //C. carpatica// var. //turbinata//. In the danish nurseries both of the varieties are called //C. carpatica//(( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+Breeder: Karl Foerster.
+{clear}
+The basal-leaves are slightly haired on the surface and stronger beneath. They form an arch or nearly circleround cushion. In the second year the diameter is 50cm and the high 20-25cm.
+Flowering from middle of June to late July and then they are 40-50cm high. There are 2-3 flowers on each stem, upright and with an open cup, distinct 5-lobed, 3cm long and 5cm wide. The flowering is abundant and uniform and excellent when the sun is shining. Colour: RHS 88 C, light volet, on the inner side slighter violet to nearly white and with the fine greenish-yellow 3-parted stigma on a nearly translucent style.
+There is no leaf to be seen during flowering because of the abundance. Later when the stems with the unpleasant capsules are too heavy the cushing will split up. If the stems are removed, the cushion will sonn get back in shape. The plants have the light violet colour. This colour of **'Karl Foerster'** is common too in the Danish nurseries. The variety is described in the German catalogues as being deep dark violet: Tief dunkelviolet, or dark violet: Dunkelviolet, but without statement of colourcode(( :ref:GretheClausen01 )) .
+{clear}
+Since both **'Alba'** and **'Karl Foerster'** are separating from the other //C. carpatica// by having greyish hair and bigger flowers they ought to be referred to //C. carpatica// var. //turbinata//. In the danish nurseries both of the varieties are called //C. carpatica//(( :ref:GretheClausen01 )) .
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Karpaten Kronen'**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Karpatenkrone**- with purple flowers.(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:tn_c.carp.karp._kronen_2.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica cv 'Karpaten Kronen' - Foto and drawing Herman Berteler}}]
+[{{:campanula:tn_c.carp.karp._kronen_1.jpg?200|Campanula carpatica cv 'Karpaten Kronen' - Foto and drawing Herman Berteler}}]
+[{{:campanula:tn_c.carpatica_karpaten_kronen.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica cv 'Karpaten Kronen' fruit - Foto and drawing Herman Berteler}}]
+{clear}
+-76. De: Zoo and Bot. Gard., Rotterdam, Holland, 7-4-76. Descr.: sem. Arr.: //Campanula hybrida// **'Karpaten Krone'**(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Kobaltschale'**
+{clear}
+(Klose 1963) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Lazurblauer Zwerg'**
+{clear}
+(Bruske) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Light Blue Clips'**(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+[{{:campanula:flower_onego_ru:c.carpatica_light_blue_clips_en_6833_nursery_north_flora.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Light Blue Clips'- Flower.onego.ru - Photo: Nursery "North Flora"}}]
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Mixed hybrids'**(( :ref:alpinaresearch01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Nana’**
+{clear}
+Supplement to the Annual Seedlist, 1983, Volume 3,1, Others, nr. 431: //Campanula carpatica// cv. **Nana** / AR - Low foliage (( :ref:alpinaresearch02 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Nana alba’**
+{clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Pearl Deep Blue’**
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_pearl_deep_blue_.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica cv. ‘Pearl Deep Blue’ - Photographer: Perennial.com}}]
+[{{:campanula:flower_onego_ru:c.carpatica_pearl_deep_blue_ena_9107_kashperova_natalia.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Pearl Deep Blue' - Flower.onego.ur - Photo: Kashperova Natalia}}]
+{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.070. An improvement on the older **‘Clips’** series with larger blooms. This forms a low, cushion-shaped mound of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing, open bells appearing in early summer. This selection has flowers in a clear medium-blue shade. Will continue blooming for weeks if spent blossoms are regularly removed. Excellent choice for the rock garden, edging and in containers. Performs especially well in regions with cool nights during the summer. Plants should be divided every 2 to 4 years, in spring or fall. Prefers good drainage. Optimal Growing Conditions Appearance and Characteristics. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; Deep Blue, Light Blue. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall. Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics. Accent: Good Texture/Form, Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant, Edging, Rabbit Resistant, Flower Head Size; Medium. Height; 15-30 cm, 6-12 inches. Spread; 25-45 cm, 10-18 inches. Foot Traffic; None. Growth Rate; Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Peral Light Blue'**
+[{{:campanula:majella_larochelle:campanula_carpatica_pearl_light_blue-pf_ml_0610_11x.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Peral Light Blue' - Photographer: Majella Larochelle.}}]
+{clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Pearl White’**
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_pearl_white_.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Pearl White' - Photographer: Perennials.com.}}]
+[{{:campanula:beekenkamp:campanula-pearl-white-potfo-400-400.jpg.png?275|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Pearl White' - Photographer: Beekenkamp Plants BV.}}]
+{clear}
+Beekenkamp Plants BV- Ornamentals is breeder and propagator of home and garden plants.
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:flower_onego_ru:c.carpatica_pearl_white_en_6835_nursery_north_flora.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica cv. 'Pearl White' - Flower.onego.ur -  Photo: Nursery North Flora}}]
+{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.140. An improvement on the older **‘Clips’** series with larger blooms. Plants form a low, cushion-shaped mound of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing, open bells appearing in early summer. This selection has clear white flowers. Will continue blooming for weeks if spent blossoms are regularly removed. Excellent choice for the rock garden, edging and in containers. Performs especially well in regions with cool nights during the summer. Plants should be divided every 2 to 4 years, in spring or fall. Prefers good drainage. Further details for Optimal Growing Conditions Appearance and
+Characteristics. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; White. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall. Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics. Accent: Good. Texture/Form; Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant, Edging Rabbit Resistant, Flower Head Size; Medium. Height; 15-30 cm, 6-12 inches. Spread; 25-45 cm, 10-18 inches. Foot Traffic; None. Growth Rate; Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Queen of Summerville'**
+{clear}
+(Prichard 1929) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Riverslea** - blu violetto
+{clear}
+-76. De: Zoo and Bot. Gard., Rotterdam, Holland, 7-4-76. Descr.: sem. Arr.: //Campanula hybrida// **'Riverslea'. 5.) Couche 68, 1,5 r. 16-7-80; 6.) couche 68, 4. 29-6-81; 7.) couche 68, 4. 30-7-82**(( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Riversleya**
+ - blue flowers; (( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘Turbinata’**
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:tn_c.carpatica_turbinata.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica cv 'Turbinata' fruit - Foto and drawing Herman Berteler}}]
+{clear}
+C. //carpatica 'TURBINATA'// :Orig 021250-0459-82 Locn 1A EU, rec: SEED, lab: 1, ayr: 82(( :ref:UBCBotanicalGarden01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica var. **Turbinata**// cv. **‘Nana Compacta’**
+{clear}
+C. //carpatica VAR TURBINATA 'NANA COMPACTA'// :Orig 017754-0117-79 Locn 1A EU, geo: 40000, rec: PLNT, lab: 1, dis: EUROPE, ayr: 79 (( :ref:UBCBotanicalGarden01 ))
+{clear}
+ *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Uniform Dark Bleu Select'**
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:stouten:camp-bl-2011.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica 'Uniform Dark Bleu Select' - Kwekerij Stouten.}}]
+{clear}
+ *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Uniform White Select'**
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:stouten:capanula-wit-2011.jpg?275|Campanula carpatica 'Uniform White Select' - Kwekerij Stouten.}}]
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatia// cv. **'Wedgewood'**{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+*//Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Weisse Clips'**
+{clear}
+[{{:campanula:mijntuin:campanula_weisse_clips_.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica 'Weisse Clips'- MijnTuin.org.}}]
+{clear}
+Also //'White Clips'//{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+(Wagner/Benary 1967) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+{clear}
+The //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Weisse Clips'** (Campanula Flower) has a green leaf and the flower is white in color. This plant blooms from June to August and is about 20 cm high.(( :ref:MijnTuin.org01 )){clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. 'White Clips'
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_white_clips.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica 'White Clips' - Photographer: Perennials.com.}}]
+{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.150. (**='Weisse Clips'**) One of the most popular Bellflowers. Plants form a low, cushion-shaped mound of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing, open bells appearing in early summer. This selection has clear white flowers. Will continue blooming for weeks if spent blossoms are regularly removed. Excellent choice for the rock garden, edging and in containers. Performs especially well in regions with cool nights during the summer. Plants should be divided every 2 to 4 years, in spring or fall. Prefers good drainage. Further details for Optimal Growing Conditions Appearance and
+Characteristics. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; White. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall. Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics. Accent: Good. Texture/Form; Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant, Edging, Rabbit Resistant, Flower Head Size; Small. Height; 15-30 cm, 6-12 inches. Spread; 20-30 cm, 8-12 inches. Foot Traffic; None. Growth Rate; Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **White Star**
+- with white flowers(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **‘White Uniform’**
+[{{:campanula:perennials:campanula_carpatica_white_uniform_.jpg?300|Campanula carpatica 'White Uniform' - Photographer: Perennials.com.}}]
+{clear}
+USDA Zone: 2-9. Plant number: 1.110.120. //Carpathian Bellflowers// are extremely popular for edging or growing in the sunny rock garden. Plants form low cushion-shaped mounds of small green leaves, with loads of upfacing bell-shaped blooms beginning in early summer. This selection has clear white flowers. Remove spent flowers regularly to encourage more buds to form. Clumps may be easily divided in early to mid spring if desired. In hot, humid summer regions these are seldom long lived.
+Further details for Optimal Growing Conditions Appearance and Characteristics. Sun Exposure; Full Sun or Partial Shade. Soil Type; Normal or Sandy or Clay. Soil pH; Neutral or Alkaline or Acid. Soil Moisture; Average or Dry or Moist. Care Level; Easy. Flower Colour; White. Blooming Time; Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer. Early Fall. Foliage Color; Light Green. Plant Uses & Characteristics. Accent: Good. Texture/Form; Alpine & Rock, Border, Containers, Drought Tolerant. Edging, Rabbit Resistant, Massed. Flower Head Size; Small. Height; 20-25 cm, 8-10 inches. Spread; 20-30 cm, 8-12 inches. Foot Traffic; None. Growth Rate; Medium.(( :ref:perennials01 ))
+{clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **White Star** - bianchi
+{clear}
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Weisser Zwerg'** - (Bruske) (( :ref:GretheClausen01 )).
+* //Campanula carpatica// cv. **'Zwergmore'**
+{clear}
+Also: **'Zwergmowe'**{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+ *//Campanula carpatica// Jacq. cv. **'Zwergmóve'**
+-75. De: Hort. Bot. Tallinensis, Acad. Scient. Estoniae, Tallinn, Estonie, URSS 8-7-75. Descr.: sem. (( :ref:MontrealJardinbotanique01 ))
+{clear}
+===== Varieties =====
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **alba** - {clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+Fr. Var. **á fleurs blanches** syn. franc. - //Campanule á feuilles en coeur, á fleurs blanches//.
+Par sa disposition touffue, sa taille peu élevée, la régularité de ses rameaux, et  surtout par sa floraison abondante, qui se prolonge de Juin en Septembre, cette espéce est une des meilleures plantes vivaces que nous puissions employer pour former d'elégantes bordures et pour orner les rocailles; elle se préte également bien a la culture en pots, et peut aussi servir á l'ornement des plates-bandes et des corbeilles. Elle vient trés bien en plein soleil, et, plantée dans les parties ombragées et abritées, elle y donne aussi d'assez bons résultats; toutefois, les fleurs y sontd'one couleur plus pále qu'au soleil.
+Les sommités des tiges étant coupées une fois les fleurs passées et avant la formation des graines, la plante se ramifie, remonte, et donne parfois une seconde floraison encore assez belle et assez abondante. - Les píeds doivent étre plantés á l'écartement de 30 á 40 centimétres.
+Culture et Multiplication.- Multiplication facile par éclats et par semis. Les graines á avent étre semées en pots ou en pépiniére, d'Avril en Juin, et les plants sont repiques á demeure dés qu'ils ont pris un développement suffisant ou seulement á la fin de l'été ou au pantemps. Le semis fait en Avril donne quelquefois une floraison passable dés l'atomne de la méme année.(( :ref:deVilmorin01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **alba compacta**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **arends**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **basket**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **blaumeise**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **blue clips**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **blue gem**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **blue star**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **bressingham white**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **caerulea**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **carpatica**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatic//a var. **carpatica alba**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **china cup**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **clips blanc**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **clips blue**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// cv. **Celestina**
+ - a sky-blue flowers; (( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **coelestina**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **compacta white star**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **convexity**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **delfts blauw**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **ditton blue**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **dwarf hybrid** - {clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **elegant**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **erfurter zwerg**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **glacier blue**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **glandore**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **grandiflora**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **grandiflora Wilson**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **hannah**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **kobolt glocke**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **kristalschale**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **lilacina**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **lilliput**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **little gem**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **loddon bell**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **longiflora parviflora**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **longiflora turbinata**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **mauve cup**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **maxima**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var.** mixed hybrids**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **moonlight**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var.** mrs. v. Frere**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **nana** - {clear}
+Information needed.- Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **nana alba**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **opal**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **pallida**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **pan**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **pelviformis**
+{clear}
+[{{:literatuur:tn_p2060084.jpg?300|Fig.28 B - Campanula carpathica Jacq. var. pelviformis. Natur.}}]
+{clear}
+La plante nommée dans les catalogues; //Campanula turbinata// **pelviformis**, semble n'étre qu'une variété á larges fleurs plates du //Campanula carpatica// Jacq.
+C'est d'ailleurs une des plus jolies Campanules, et les amateurs plantes alpines la cultivent avec passion sur leurs rochers artificiels.(( :ref:deVilmorin01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **porrecta**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **porrecta brachyphylla**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **porrecta longifolia**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **porrecta minor**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **porrecta oreophila**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **porrecta schuriana**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatic//a var. **silbermove**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **silberschale**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **spechtmeise**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **subpilosa**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **superba**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **tomentosa**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **transylvanica**
+{clear}
+Syn. lat. //Campanula turbinata// Schott, Nym. et Kotschy (( :ref:deVilmorin01 )).
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata**, small flowers and large blue and white flowers((:ref:alpinaresearch01))
+{clear}
+Azzurro scuro
+{clear}
+Seed available, in small quantity. Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+{clear}
+x //Campanula pulla// heeft opgeleverd: //Campanula x pulloides// Arnott.
+{clear}
+x //Campanula pulla// heeft opgeleverd: //Campanula x pulloides// Arnott.
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata alba**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatic//a var. **turbinata dasycarpa**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata grandiflora**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata hirsuta**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata lilacina**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata nana compacta**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata f. pallida** - {clear}
+Species actually grown or used for breeding (( :ref:alpinaresearch03 ))
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata rotundata**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **turbinata subdasycarpa**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **violetta**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **weatly violet**
+{clear}
+  *//Campanula carpatica// var. **weisse schale**
+{clear}
+===== Origin =====
+Hongrie, Transylvanie.
+{clear}
+Originaria dell'Europa orientale.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
+{clear}
+Carpathians. In den Gebirgen Rumaniens und Bulgariens gibt es leider nicht sehr viele attraktive alpine //Campanula//. Bemerkenswert erscheinen mir jedoch die sehr unterschiedlichen Formen (?) von //Campanula carpatica//, die ich aus der Niederen Tatra (CSSR) und vor allem aus Rumanien kenne.
+{clear}
+An einem Felsen kann man Pflanzen von verschiedener Wuchshohe und fehlender bzw. starker Behaarung der Blatter finden. Ich habe eine besonders niedrige Form vom Postavarul (bei Brasov).
+{clear}
+Weiss bluhende //Campanula carpatica// fand ich dagegen am Naturstandort noch nie (( :ref:DieterZschummel01 )).
+{clear}
+In nature, found in the Carpathians and the mountains of Central Europe.(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
+{clear}
+===== Living =====
+E adatta per obni tipo di terreno fertile, moderatamente umido e non troppo compatto, in posizione di mezz'ombra.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
+{clear}
+C. //carpatica// JACQ.. :Orig 016138-0344-78 Locn 1A EU, geo: 40000, rec: SEED, lab: 1, dis: E.EUROPE,CARPATHIANS ayr: 78(( :ref:UBCBotanicalGarden01 ))
+{clear}
+===== Breeding =====
+Goede ervaringen zijn opgedaan in Denemarken met zaad van eigen productie. De cultivars **'Blauwe Clips'** en **'Weisse Clips'** worden gezaaid in mei. Drie weken na het oppotten worden de planten naar buiten gebracht en blijven daar tot januari. Hiern abrengt men de planten naar binnen om te forceren, dit d.m.v. een belichting van 5 watt/m2 met SON-lampen. Tijdens de belichting wordt een nachtonderbrekeing gehanteerd van 3 uur van januari tot begin april. De temperatuur wordt constant gehouden op 15 graden celsius.
+De planten worden regelmatig wijder gezet, voor de laatste maal half maart. Dit kan op tafels met watergift van onderen, via matten. Om gedrongen planten te krijgen werd tot 2x gespoten met 3 promile Alar 85 ((:ref:Bloemisterij01)).
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+La varieta (//Isabel//, //White Star//, //turbinata//, //Riverslea//) non possono essere riprodotte da seme, perche non danno garanzia di produrre fiori dello stesso colore delle piante madri; meglio procedere per divisione, in primavera.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
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+[{{:campanula:florapix:c.seed_ex_c.blyth_spirit.jpg?275|AlpenPix - Campanula seed ex C. 'Blyth Spirit' - Locality: UK - Timsbury, Bath.
+Photographer: Graham Nicholls - Note: During our bad 2010/2011 winter I lost Campanula 'Blythe Spirit' the lovely white seedling from the C. 'Maie Blythe' parent. However it did set a lot of seed which was sown early spring. Seedlings grew pretty quick and this is the first of them to bloom & as you can see it is quite tall with blue flowers. However two others have just bloomed both having white flowers. One is about the same size as the blue flowered one but the other is much smaller. I eagerly await the flowering of others in the batch, some are quite small. You can see the C. carpatica influence on the parent and in the original Maie Blythe.}}]
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+===== Beneficial =====
+//Campanula turbinata// Schott, Nym. et Kotschy, culture et multiplication du //Campanula carpatica//.(( :ref:deVilmorin01 )).
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+Besonders beliebt als Ziergewachs. (( :ref:aengler01 ))
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+Undersized and dwarf types. Dwarf types of wind chimes require a sunny location with nesyroy, light soil containing lime and enough humus. In autumn the plants pour sandy compost. At a suitable location can grow for years.(( :ref:flower.onego.ru01 ))
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+Le //Campanula// sono entrate nei giardini fino dalla seconda meta del xvi secolo, secondo le testmonianze di Gerard e di Clarici. Tra il 1596 e il 1597 Gerard raccolse in Inghilterra esemplari di //Campanula persicaefolia//, //Campanula pyramidalis// e //Campanula medium// che nella flora spontanea inglese non esistono: il che significa, dando tempo al tempo, che probabilmente in Italia erano state trasportate, dallaliberta dei campi al chiuso degli orti, forse parecchi decenni prima. Con certezza sappiamo che nei giardini francesi furonointrodotte nel 1774 la //Campanula carpatica//, nel 1779 la //Campanula alpina// e la //Campanula pulla//, nel 1783 la //Campanula sibirica//, nel 1788 la //Campanula versicolor// e la //Campanula mollis//; in Inghilterra nel 1774 la //Campanula carpatica//, nel 1775 la //Campanula thyrsoides// e nel 1779 la //Campanula pulla//.(( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
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+Come si coltiva. La //Campanula// non e generalmente un fiore difficile da coltivare. Essendo originaria delle zone temperate dell'emisfero boreale, dove cresce su terreni freschi o umidi di regioni in prevalenza montane, richiede, oltre a un'esposizione luminosa e non troppo soleggiata, le stesse condizioni ambientali: il terreno, fatta eccezione per qualche specie, deve contenere una certa percentuale di calcio. Questo non significa che le //Campanula// non si possano coltivare magnificamente anche su un terrazzo assolatissimo. Per esperienza personale posso assicurare che la //Campanula pyramidalis//,  la //Campanula isophylla//, la //Campanula glomerata//, la //Campanula garganica//, la //Campanula carpatica//, la //Campanula fragilis// e la //Campanula persicaefolia//, per limitarsi a poche, prosperano ottimamente sul terrazzo sotto un sole cocente, purche generosamente annaffiate. La //Campanula// carpatica e la //Campanula garganica// possono essere coltivate bene anche in vasi di cm. 16-18 di diametro, mentre la //Campanula pyramidali//s vuole uno spazio maggiore (cm 30) e la //Campanula glomerata// una misura intermedia.   (( :ref:ippolitopizzetti01 ))
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